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Internation School of Eindhoven

Year 11

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Elif Naz

Theory of Knowledge

09.01.2018

DP1B

Conflictingknowledgeclaimsalwaysinvolveadifferenceinperspective


In order to make claims we utilize our convictions, intuition, innate and attained knowledge while going through interminable transformations as we continue to acquire knowledge. In many instances contrasting perspectives coexist in order to describe and create principles, ideas, and theories.

Every so often, these different perspectives challenge and imbricate with each other. The way we interpret and process things vary from person to person even when looking at the same things. The vast majority of the human population, including knowers, experience differences in their belief systems, judgements, pre-existing knowledge, nature of reason and emotion.


In order to make a judgement on the designated subject, it is important to have a good understanding on why human beings can have different interpretations for a common case. The response to a stimulation will be different from person to person depending on our diverse backgrounds.

Any stimulus displayed doubly will generate other reactions compared to the initial presentation to the second. For instance, the response of various neurons in the peripheral cortex will differ from the following display permitting the practice of recognition. Let’s take reading a book as an example.

Subjectively, the second time we read a book we will have a different reaction from the first time we read the book because the initial experience with the book has transformed us in various ways. In an epitome based on the laws of physics, the book is a neutral item that exists autonomously, in a psychological perspective the possibility of a stimulus standing separately from a reaction is non.

In addition, numerous displays of the stimulus prompt to varying responses. This contributes to the conflict that appears when the value of art is being deliberated. We tend to appoint a certain value to the stimulus (could be a song, an artwork, or a book) whilst in reality the case is that we are discussing the way in which we react to the type of stimulation and how responses differ due to our co.....

The difference in perspective can also be identified in people’s preference in music. Our preference in music is partially influenced by our cultural background. Alliances of numerous sounds can be more prominent in distinct regions and one of the reasons why we prefer these patterns Is due to our lifelong awareness of them.

According to a study conducted by Joyce Schenkein, Neuropsychologist, College Professor, Vision Scientist, babies who have mother that are musical and other infants were positioned backstage at the time their mothers were performing. In every single case, it was observed that the baby listening to the music produced by its own mother was the most appeased.

The effectiveness of the music played by other musicians besides the mother of the baby was not evident. This can be explained by the fact that every infant spent a couple of months listening to the music played by its mom including her heart beat and voice during development.

These auditive contributions were recognizable and comforting to the baby. Another factor that affect people’s preference in music is the era that they were born in. For instance, Nim Tottenham (phycologist) conducted an extensive research on the musical preferences of children born in the 90s.

In her experiment, she picked the most popular songs at the time these kids were at the age of seven. She examined the selected kid’s taste in music when they became 22 years old (2012) whilst listening to songs that were top hits when these test subjects were kids along with different songs from different eras.

These test subjects that felt and heard the music when they were kids had the best ability to condense the nervousness when they were at the age of 22. According to Tottenham the answer for this is that “in early childhood, before the higher brain networks are developed, learning is much more driven by emotions.

So, musical experiences acquired at that time would be more emotional than cognitive.”1

11Quora. “Why Do People Have Different Tastes In Music?” Forbes, Forbes Magazine, .....



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