Economic relations in Europe
U.S./Germany
Germany is one of the world’s leading trading nations. The U.S. and Germany cooperate in an open and expanding world economy. Germany has the largest economy of the European Union which Germany is part of. The United States became Germany’s fourth largest trader of imports and the primary export market.
Germany exported goods worth approximately $125 billion to the U.S. and the United States exports goods worth approximately $50 billion. The trade relationship is driven by huge mutual investment. The direct investment of Germany in the U.S. was worth $255 billion. They focus mainly on manufacturing and wholesale, as well as finance and insurance.
The direct investment of the United States in Germany was worth $108 billion. U.S associates of German firms employ more than 670,000 American workers. The companies represent more than 1 million jobs in Germany and the United States. The U.S.-German Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation afford the United States investors national treatment and provides for the free movement of capital between the U.S. and Germany.
Taxation of U.S. companies within Germany is governed by a protocol on the prevention of double taxation.
U.S./France
France is the United States’ third-largest trading partner in the European Union. Between the U.S and France, trade and investment are very strong., over $1 billion in commercial transaction, on average, take place every day, including sales of the United States and French foreign associates.
The things the U.S. exports to France include industrial chemicals, aircraft and engines, electronic components, telecommunications, computer software, computers and peripherals, analytical and scientific instrumentation, medical instruments and supplies and broadcasting equipment.
U.S./UK
The UK is a major international trading power. The United Kingdom is one of the biggest markets for United States’ goods export and one of the biggest suppliers of United States’ imports. They share the world’s biggest bilateral foreign direct investment partnerships.
For the United States, the UK is a large source of foreign tourists visiting the United States. It participates in the Visa Waiver Program, which allows citizens of participating countries to travel to the U.S. for certain business or tourism purposes for stays of 90 days or less without obtaining a visa.
U.S./Italy
The United States and Italy cooperate closely on major economic issues. The United States is one of Italy’s most important trade partners. The two-way trade in 2015 totaling over $60 billion.
The United States and Italy cooperate closely on major economic issues, including within the G-8. The United States is one of Italy's most important trade partners, with two-way trade in 2015 totaling over $60 billion. As a member of the European Union (EU), Italy is bound by EU treaties and laws, including those directly governing or indirectly impacting business investments.
U.S./Spain
Spain's accession to the European Union (EU) required the country to open its economy to trade and investment, modernize its industrial base, improve infrastructure, and revise economic legislation to conform to EU guidelines. Spain and the United States have a friendship, navigation, and commerce treaty and a bilateral taxation treaty.
Many U.S. companies channel their Spanish investments and operations through third countries.
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