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Lloyd Gymnasium Bremerhaven

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2012

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Englisch Abitur Vorbereitung


Inhaltsverzeichnis

Material 1- John Howard Griffin, Black like me. 1

Material 2 - James Moloney- Angela. 17

Material 3 - Vikas Swarup: Q&A (2005) / Danny Boyle: Slumdog Millionaire (2008)27


Material 1- John Howard Griffin, Black like me

-        October 28th, 1959: books begins as a diary of the writer, John Howard Griffin; lives  in Texas and specializing in racial issues, gets the idea, how to live as a black person and wants to change his colour to be a Negro (John)

-        Oct. 29Th: discusses his plan with his old friend George Levitan , owner of the balck magazine Sepia and with the Editor Mrs. Adelle Jackson; both warn him, explains it his shocked wife (George, wife, John, Adelle)

-        Oct. 30Th: explain the FBI about his plan, thinks about he will be treatet (=> like a nameless Negro) (FBI, John)

-        Nov. 1st: he arrives in New Orleans to start the transformation, memories about a old visit, contacts an old friend, where he lives, while he changes (John, friend)

-        Nov. 2nd: searches for a dermatologist, makes some test for turnig the skin clour into black; ultraviolet rays after the consum of tablets, does him not tell his plans; way for entering the black world very difficult (John, dermatologist)

-        Nov. 6th: he´s alone in his room, telling about first experiences, feels sick and uneasy, doctor discusses the fears with him; Meeting with Sterling Williams (shoeshine man), who tells him about the Negro live => first friend for John (J., doctor, Sterling Williams)

-        Nov. 7th: first sign of the pigmantation, worried about this identity; leaves hotel => starts experience; first contact as a black with streetcar, drug store and another Negro in hotel, many questions and a new life, contact to his family fails  (doctor, Negro, J.)

-        Nov. 8th: big start of experience: looks around town (sights, sounds, smell) and feel the Negro life in ghetto, bad record with some whites in bus, meets Sterling, who detects him about his shoes, let him shave his hands (golden hairs), works as shoe shiner (J., white woman, Sterling)

-        Nov. 10th- 12th: black students attends Griffin two miles to movie and back, discussion with others about jobhunting, sitting on a bench in the park: white man sends him away, because he´s black, busdriver doesn´t let him out => Griffin passes 8 blocks (J., student, Negros, white man, bus driver)

-        Nov. 14th: reads news about Mississippi about the kidnap-lynch murder of Mack Parker, decides to drive to Mississippi, bank is closed, only nice woman in bookstore buys the travelers check, buying of ticket very difficult, has to wait in the coloured waiting room, whites can enter first the bus, first part: meeting with Christoph (hates his own race, the blacks), another black (Bill Williams) tells him the do´s and dont´s and warns him not to look after a white woman, bus stop: only whites can drink or use toilet => one Negro passenger decides to urinate into the bus, passing the jail, where Parker was dragged down he stairs, Griffin tries to write a letter to his wife => he thinks about the words of Bill and his identity and can´t write anymore, contacts a white journalist friend (P.D. East), East gives him manuscripts => John reads them to the end til the morning (J., East, Christoph, Bill, Negros, whites)

-        Nov. 15th: discussion about Easts autobiography „The Magnolia Jungle“, gets material about white racism, meets wife and daughter living a lonely life after they have been ostracized from society, at night J. Studies the material: real crooks and criminal: politico-legal men, who justify and rationalize racism (J., East, wife, daughter)

-        Nov. 16th: East an John visit a Negro University, meet Dean and tell him about Griffins experience and discuss about the Mississippi election scene through funny stories, John wants to visit another parts of Mississippi, visits a Church, finds a book of a white priest about racism, in the Negro Rest room he finds notices about black exploitation (Ausbeutung), shocking notes about white man willing to pay for having fun with a Negro girl, exposes the white mans hypocritical morality, not the Negros immo.....[read full text]

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-        Dec. 9Th: author resumes (übernehmen) his Negro identity in NO, Don takes pictures, not easy: not all blacks want to be photographed by a white person, meets Sterling Williams (John, Don, Blacks, Sterling)

-        Dec. 14Th: resumes white identity at the end of project, feels sad to leave Negro world after sharing it for this long time

-        Dec. 15Th: Mansfield, Texas: after seven weeks Negro life: come back home: happyness about the reunion, telling the truth could be very dangerous for family because of the hate groups, feels fear and hate for racists (family, John)


The Aftermath

-        Jan. 2nd: payer for the author´s trip: Mr. Levitan (owner of Sepia) allows John to back out (aussteigen) of the article because of to high danger, John wants to publish it, decision of publishing it in the March (John, Mr. Levitan)

-        Feb. 26th: decision to publish the truth about racial discrimination, by publishing what happened to him, gets a call from Paul Coates of Hollywood to appear in an interview, John accepts offer

-        Mar. 14Th: Los Angeles: TV show of Paul Coates, realizing: whole country knows about his experience, friends and relatives call to congratulate, hope of John for more calls of friends and relatives

-        Mar. 17Th: New York: Griffin is interviewed by the Time magazine, telephones mother, who tells him about a threatening call of a white woman, mother asks Griffin´s wife to keep her company, John asks for police surveillance (John, calling mother, interviewer)

-        Mar. 18Th: David Garroways impressive talk show: J. Is questioned the right, but then David asks for the racism in the North, J. Says he is not competent enough to answer it (John, David Garroway)

-        Mar. 23Th: the day after many interviews, conferences, documentaries and talk shows, day where the time magazine publishes his article <= Joh is satified, interview with Mike Wallace: he feels apprehensive (besorgt), but interview goes off very well, Wallace orders the crew to cancel everything else (Mike Wallace, crew, John)

-        April 1st: Mansfield: french TV crew from Paris interviews him at home: story goes around the world, but nobody talks to John and the otherway around the same, racism towards his parents: No Albinos Allowed“ on a local cafe, but the positive notes let him stay in Mansfield

-        April 2nd: early in morning: call from a journalist of Star Telegram, that racist hung a effigy(Abbild) of him, Star Telegram write an article,  Griffin´s father goes to shop but comes  home safe and sound, he get informed, that the racist plan to attack him, John drives homes and meets wife with packes bags

-         April 7th: racists had burned a cross at a nearby Negro school, John feels guilty, only  friends provide support and sympathy, Turners take Griffin and family and protect

-        April 11th: return home, many ketters about his wright doing, bad town reaction

-        June 19th: gets many letters, not much bad,  many letters from Southern whites, John in office: feels glimpse of the towns hostility

-        August 14th: bearing the hostility too big, decision to leave and new life in Mexico with family and parents, but not right now: he wants the racists nt to .....

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-        Blacks immorality = many children

-        Griffins `enlightment´:The couple „unite“ to find moments of comfort, when they are able to forget their lonely, hopeless, desperate situation they live in


Atlanta is different in dealing with „the problem“

-        more qualified leaders

-        better university of blacks

-        except changes

-        better education

-        justice foe everyone


Griffin before publishing his experiences

-        he and his family will be the „target of all the hate groups“ (193)

-        he feels „the deepest dread of the task that now lay before me“ (193)

-        „It´ll cause trouble“, he knows, that book will do it (194)

-        he thinks he is in a situation like „before the storm would break“ (194)

-        Mr. Levitan warns him „we don´t want to see you killed“ (194)


What might he be fearing?

-        he may get killed

-        his wife and children may be attacted/ or killed

-        he could loose all his friends, black and white

-        the whites could react too critical

-        his wife and children could be excluded from social life

-        he and his wife may split up to give his family security

-        he might become a media star

-        some newspapers might risk their reputation when publishing Griffin´s articles

-        his reasons for doing the experiment might be shown in a wrong way

-        some readers would not believe him


Griffin goes public- reactions (pp. 195-202)

Media

Private Sphere

- Paul Coates TV show (Hollywood)


- interview with TIME magazine


- Dave Garroway show

- TV documentary, Harry Golden show

- Mike Wallace show

- radio show: Long John

- his TIME´s article is published

- French TV interview

- just his parents call him, no one else gets contact

- mother receives a threatening call by a woman

- police protection of family


- scared about his presence at the show, very nervous about the discussion

- very tired, but restless


- he liked the interview; women in town discuss wheter or not he has done a „Christian“ thing

- Griffin hopes that he and his family can still live peacefully in Mansfield

African American history-timeline

1619

First shipment of African slaves arrives in Jamestown/Virginia

1776

Declaration of Independence („all men are created equal“): However, there is still increasing slavery in the South which leads to the abolitionist movement in the North

1793

First fugitive slave act: crime to shelter a runaway slave

Eli Whitney invents cotton gin

1807

Congress declares the further importation of slaves into the USA illegal

1850

Second fugitive slave act

1852

In the Dread case, the Supreme Court rules that African-Americans are not citizens of the USA; slaves who escape to free states remain slaves

1861

Civil War between North and South

1863/  1865- 1877

The Emancipation Proclamation (by Abraham Lincoln, killed 1865) officially ends slavery: African Americans are granted US citizenship and the right to vote. However, racial hatred continues ans white Southerners hamper  this progress by demanding voting taxes, literacy tests, etc. befeore elections, thus reducing the African Americans´ voting power

1880s

„Jim Crow“ (a new system of segregation laws) officially separates African Americans from all aspects of white society (e.g. separate schools, shops, restaurants, toilet facilities, etc.). The underlying principe is „separate but equal“. Thus practice of oppression has become legal

1866

Congress passes Civil Rights Act, giving US citizenship to all persons born in the USA

1868

The 14th amendment (Abänderung): guaranteeing citizenship becomes law

1870

15th amendment: g. the right to vote becomes law

1955

Montgomery bus boykott: A black woman, Rosa Parks, refuses to give her seat to a white person and is arrested. This leads to large-scale protests and boykotts, with the aim of reaching equal rights and ending segregation

1963

Martin Luther King´s speech „I Have a Dream“ (peak of non-violent struggle)

1968

Martin Luther King is murdered. This leads to a disillusionment regarding the effectiveness of non- violent protest. As a result violence increases with Malcolm X as one of the leaders of the protest

Until 1972

The Civil Rights Movement has paved the way to many new acts which little by little officially end discrimination and segregation in public. However, a gap between theory and practice remains

Modern

times

Many black families are moving upwards on the social and income level, but many more are going down. Disrupted families, alcohol, drugs and street gangs are a result

2008

New hope: Election of President Barack Obama, who represents both African Americans and white Americans

I, too, sing America, by Langston Hughes (Poem)

-        about discrimintaion of black people, they are not part of the society

-        writer: African American who was discriminated, he´s quite optimistic about a change in his situation soon, because he laughs about the beh.....

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-        the slaves were not allowed to learn reading and writing, being ignorant would keep slaves in chains

-        a slave could easily be killed or sold

Qualities of an overseer:

-        has to be cruel, without sruples, ruthless

-        authority

-        doesn´t have to show pity

-        strong person

-        loyality to the boss/ slaveholder => masters will is law

-        accept no excuses


Parallels between the history of the people of Israel and the black slaves in America

-        both peoples taken away from their home countries

-        both peoples were oppressed

-        both peoples tortured by overseers

-        both peoples fight for the civil rights and freedom in the 1950s/60s

-        „Go down“ => means Northern states go down into the south to help the slaves

-        „Moses“ => Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King

-        both peoples Christian and Jewish

-        both peoples => had to work hard, dangerous jobs

-        both peoples => lived in unhuman conditions

-        „ol´pharao“ => means „the slaveholder“


Stereotype of Blacks confirmed by B.T. Washington

-        badly educated, even the teachers

-        they eat the same every day

-        at the weekends they hang around the town

-        they smoke and dipp snuff

-        they just plant cotton and do not have a garden to grow their own vegetable for their nutrition

=> therefore they have to buy .....

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=> a sharecropper could not escape poverty



Voting rights for blacks

B.T. Washington

Du Bois

- Blacks should be able to vote

- there should be tests on Blacks and whites due to their intelligence and interest as well as property

- Blacks should have the possibility to learn political things with the help of their white „neighbours“

- it will take a long time until the Blacks habe enough education and money to vote


future of race relation

this process will lead an equal and justice situation, the whites will see, that it is good to have all interests presented => also those of the intelligent Blacks (respect!)

- present movement for disfranchement has been plainly and frankly

-  black man can´t say anything

- can´t say anything for the taxes

- frantic efforts: critical time

- laws are made by men, who show some interest for black men

no motive to treat blacks

-Blacks should be able to work

Blacks are discrimnated when they are not allowed to vote

- same rights for everyone => Blacks should be respectet

- same duties as whites => Blacks also pay taxes => so they should have voting rights

-the Blacks are more than half of the population in the South, therefore their voice in politics is important as it also concerns their life => voting now!


Future of race relations

if the voting right is not fulfilled for the Blacks, than the situation stays as it is with oppression, discrimination and separation or it might becom even worse (radicalization of Blacks)

=> Du Bois is more rebellious than Washington. He wants a decision now and not some years later.


Civil Rights Movement is „not to soon“

-        Blacks have already waited to  long for their rights

-        the developemt of civil rights for blacks is too slow in America compared to other countries

-        he enumerates a lot of reasons for a fast process, so as examples he shows how his children (representing every black child) suffer from the conditions

-        something has to happen now, the Blacks do not want to „ wait“ any longer because waiting in a white society means „nothing“ will happen


King being accused of breaking the law

-        there a two types of laws – just and unjust

-        King obeys the `just laws´ for blacks

-        unjust laws are against natural laws and degrate human personalities

-        unjust laws given by the whites, just laws are given by god

-        as a consequence: not obeying unjust laws cannot be illegal


Black Revolution- Malcolm X

A successful revolution, according to Malcolm X, is .

-        bloody

-        .....

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-        they want to have as little to do with their masters as possible

-        they would take the first chance to run away

=> Malcolm X: „I am a field Negro“


House Negroes

-        better clothes

-        live in the master´s house

-        loves master more than himself

-        would give their lives to safe the master´s house

-        like job

-        get better food

-        identifies himself with his master

=> wants to live near his master

-        they would fight for their master

-        live in attic or basement of the master´s house

=> they don´t want to change anything

-        they worry about the master

-        proud to be a house negro

=> modern house Negro

-        they pay more for their house to be close to the whites


=> Malcolm X: „Most Blacks are house Negroes!“


America Followed Obama over the Racial Divide

Reasons for initial negative prospects:

-        long divided country

-        would be first black president => no chance for O

-        people aren´t colour blind or forget old wounds

-        denying black aspirations

-        Obama had no chance: unusual biography, whites usually do not vote for Blacks (prejudices)

-        he promised help in times of crisis

=> so he was an alternative less ???? to others

-        previous black candidates had never had any success

-        even the blacks are sceptical because Obama does not have civil rights background or .....

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