MASS MEDIA IN BRITAIN Inhalt BRITISH PRINT MEDIA. 2 1. Newspapers 3 2. Quality Press 4 3. Middle-Market 5 4. Tabloids 5 5. Magazines 6 ELECTRONIC MEDIA IN GREAT BRITAIN. 7 6. TV. 7 7. Soaps: 8 8. Reality TV: 8 9. Radio. 9 MEDIA FREEDOM IN THE UK Freedom of expression is protected under: · 1998 Human Rights Act which enacted into UK law the European Convention on Human Rights · 2005 Freedom of Information Act, the 1998 Act also introduced privacy as a statutory right. The British press is unrestricted by censorship or state control. It is considered…
Keeping Up with the Constantly Changing Media Landscapeby Anna-Marie V. 11th October 2018 We could say that traditional media like broadcasting, printed media or magazines became the target group of electronic media the minute the internet took over our day to day lives. So how long will it take until print media vanish? Or do you think that by the year 2100 there will be still someone selling newspapers? So much information and so little time. How we consume media can be individual. If you like to read, you can turn to either traditional…
Internet and new Media
Introducing the Internet
The Internet is a global network of networks.
A Global Network of Networks
The internet is a loose, international collection of networks
Millions of computers are connected to each another via cables and radio waves
Public backbones connect all the local together
Internet Statistics
The number of people online worldwide is thought to be around 2.1 billion
Around 30.5% of the world’s population
The number of internet users is increasing by around 7 % year-on-year
Host
The number of hosts (computers) connected to the internet stands at around 850 million and increase about 10.5 %
Traffic
Internet traffic – the amount of bytes transferred
Is increasing by roughly 40 – 50 % every year
Google has reportedly now seen over a trillion unique URLs
Broadband Subscribers
Fixed broadband subscribers per 100 inhabitants Austria 2,003,905
Wireless broadband subscribers per 100 inhabitants 1,741,246
Mobile is coming
Sales of new smartphones overtook sales of new PCs
40 % of all tweets now are created on mobile devices
Not just apps: increase use of mobile web browser to access mobile web sites
Gartner predicts smartphones will overtake PCs as the most common web access device in 2013
Measured Download Speeds
20 million broadband speed tests around the world every month
They raw data can be download or explored with Google’s Publish Data Explorer
In Austria
6 million people aged 14 and older have access to the internet in Austria
3.4 million hosts in the “at” domain
“willhaben.at”, “derstandard.at” and autoscout24.at” are the most popular web sites in Austria
Internet FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)
So, the Internet is Run by Google, Right?
No
Google, is one of the big commercial players, along with facebook, Amazon, ebay, Microsoft, Apple, …
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Is a set of web pages representing someone or something
It is based around a single domain name such as wien.at
What is a Home Page?
The page which appears when a web browser is started or the browser’s Home button is pressed. You can choose any web pages as your browser’s home page
The “front page! Of a web site. The page which is displayed when you visit “wien.at”
What is an Internet Service Provider (ISP)?
Company which connects your computer to the rest of the internet
Are often telephone or cable television companies
Telekom, A1
What is a Local Area Network (LAN)?
Kind of network typically found within companies or organisations:
Based on Ethernet of ATM technology
Also uses internet protocols
Host, Server
Computer which is open to external online access over the internet
A host has typically its own name
Server
A program which runs continuously on a host, listening for requests on a specific port
Port
Is used for each kind of service (WWW)
Client
Is a program locally by a user, such as a web browser
Server
Request
TCP/IP
Response
Client
What are Firewalls?
Is a barrier between a LAN and the outside world.
Firewall can monitor and block connections into and out from the LAN
What are Intranets and Extranets?
Intranet: private internal network, usually behind a firewall, which runs IP and internet services
Extranet: specifically grants access to parts of the intranet to business partner or specific external users for login, privat, only with password
What is a Proxy Server?
Forwards requests to their destination and passes responses back to the originator
Usenet News
Is users’ network, is the internet’s prime discussion area:
It comprises some 85,000 discussion groups or newsgroups dedicated to a specific topic,
Newsgroup names are classified hierarchically by subject
Articles or messages are posted to these newsgroups by people using appropriate newsreader client software
Articles are then broadcast from news server to news server
Some newsgroups are only local to the specific region or organisation and are not broadcast widely
The set of freely available newsgroups in known as Usenet
A huge resource of discussion
With over two billion people online, it is potentially possible to get access to the wold exerts in every field
What Usenet is not
Usenet is not about delivering news
Usenet is not an organisation
Usenet is not fair
Usenet is not a right
Usenet is not a public utility
Usenet is not an advertising medium
Usenet is not the internet
What a newsgroup is
Is like a public note board, but on the internet
When you send a message to a newsgroup, everyone who reads the group can see it
Most newsgroups have some rules or conventions about what may or may not be posted
You have no idea who might be reading your postings, unless they themselves also post
It is possible to read any message in any group for as long as it remains on your news provider’s server
This might be a few days or several month, depending on your news provider’s policy for that newsgroup
Choosing a news reader
Is the client software which accesses a news server, allowing you to view and post to newsgroups
Newsgroups are divided into topics using a simple hierarchical naming system, read from left to right
Getting Access to Newsgroups
Your internet service provider or university will typically provide access to a news server
Configuring your news reader
News Server: the name of your news server
Name: who should appear as the sender of the mail
Email Address: where the message you send will appear to come from
Reply-to Address: where private replies to your posting should be sent
Using a real name
Some users like to post under a pseudonym rather than their real name
The quality of discussion tends to suffer when people post anonomously
Using a real email address
Since spammers regularly harvest all the email addresses from Usenet postings, some users prefer to post using a masked or fictitious email address:
The problem is that masking breaks the rules of Usenet and breaks
Finding and subscribing to newsgroups
Your news server probably in the order of 20,000 groups:
Most news readers allow searching for groups on the server by name
You have to subscribe and read some of the postings to find out
You can also run a keyword search at Goggle Groups
Reading Messages
Selecting a newsgroup name will generally start downloading the headers of current messages in that group
Selecting a message header will generally download its body into a separate window or panel
Some news readers support both downloading of message headers and bodies for offline reading of news
Message threads
When a newsgroup message raises a new topic, it is said to start a new thread
News group reader allow you to sort messages my threads, allowing you to follow the progress of a discussion
Posting a message
Posting a newsgroup message is like sending an email
Start a new thread, or
Follow up an existing thread
Plain Text
A sequence of displayable textual characters and control codes
Plain text files
Is a sequence of characters contained in a fie
The file extension .txt is often used for plain text files
Plain text editors
PSPad
Crimson Editor
Notepad
RText
BBedit
Word Processor
Perform additional functions like layout, justification, and typesetting
Post in Plain Text not HTML
Posting anything other than plain text to standard newsgroups is offensive
Set your news client to send plain text messages by default
Prepare a posting in a plain text editor first
For a long posting, a good strategy is to compose your posting in a plain text editor first
When you are ready, copy and paste the posting into your newsreader for sending
Binaries files are files such as images, sounds, word processor output and software packages
Sending a test post
Do not rush into posting to real, active newsgroups
Try posting to “alt.test” or “tu-graz.test” first
Kill files
If you dislike a certain person on Usenet, you can “kill” their postings
Add their email address to your news reader’s “kill file”, or use the Filters
Construct a good subject line for new threads
When starting a new thread, construct a good subject heading:
One line summary of the content of your message or question
Attribution when quoting
Make sure you preserve the attributions saying who wrote each of the quoted snippets
The attribution string should not be longer than one line, so it does not wrap
The name of the author plus their email address is best
All news readers let you add a personal signature a few lines long at the bottom of your postings
Your signature might typically include your name, email, and home page address, and is often rounded off with a witty comment or saying
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