Spezialgebiet English
“NEW YORK CITY“
Content
1. Introduction
2. The
History
2.1 Early
history
2.2 Colonial
times
2.3 American
Revolution
2.4 The
city’s development
2.5 Ellis
Island
2.6 The
transformation of the metropolis
3. The
City
3.1 Boroughs
3.2 Population
3.3 The
ethnic diversity
3.4 Problems
in the City
3.5 Sights
of the city
4. Conclusion
5. Sources
1.
Introduction
New
York City is the most populous and largest City in the United States. The metropolis
is unusual among other cities because of its high residential density, its
diverse population, its hundreds of tall office and apartment buildings, its developing
central business district, its extensive public transportation system, and its
more than 400 neighborhoods.
New
York City is located at the mouth of Hudson River, southeastern of New York
State and northeastern of the United States. The city is divided in five
boroughs. Moving from one neighborhood to another is like to travel from one
country in another.
The
current population of New York City is guessed to be about 8.337 million
people, which is an increase of about 1.1% from the last record of the
population. Historically, for at least the last couple of ten years, the
population of New York City has been much greater than both the population of
Chicago and Los Angeles. Based on the total land area and the total population
of the city, the population density of New York is 27.550 people per square mile.
Although
the Dutch founded the city in 1624 and called it Fort Amsterdam and then New
Amsterdam, the English captured the settlement in 1664 and renamed it New York,
after the Duke of York, who later became James II of England.
For
me personally, the most amazing thing is New York’s hundreds of skyscrapers.
The New York skyline is very wonderful and has an absolutely fantastic view
like nowhere in the world.
2.
The History
2.1
Early history
Before
Europeans came to the place now known as New York City, it had been the home of
Native Americans. Hundreds of self-governing tribes lived along the East
Coast from North Carolina to Canada.
They
hunted, fished, and farmed in the area between the Delaware and Hudson rivers.
Although
these local groups were not as advanced as the Maya, Inca, or Aztecs, who lived
farther south in the southern hemisphere, they lived in peace with nature and
with each other.
2.2
Colonial times
In
1524 Giovanni de Verrazzano, an Italian in the employ of France, became
the first white man who sailed to New York.
Although
Verrazzano was the first European, it was with Dutch settlements on Manhattan
and Long Island that the city truly began to grow. In 1609 the English
navigator Henry Hudson, who had been hired by the Dutch East India
Company to search for a water route through North America to Asia, arrived in
New York harbor aboard his 74-foot ship called “The Half Moon”.
2.2.1
Dutch
rule
Hudson
discovered that the area between French Canada and British Virginia was
unfortified and unidentified and that the Native Americans who lived at the
mouth of the Hudson River would happily trade furs for European goods. Excited
by the commercial prospects of Manhattan Island, which was at a vast harbor and
fully ice-free, Dutch merchants immediately organized other expeditions to the
vicinity.
The
Dutch East India Company established the first permanent European settlement in
what is now New York City in 1624 (The Colony of New Netherlands). Although
most of the Dutch settlers established themselves in the northern Hudson
Valley, about eight or ten Protestants from Belgium, who had taken refuge with
the Dutch to escape religious persecution, settled on Governors Island in New
York harbor. In 1625 the tiny community moved to the southern tip of Manhattan
Island. A year later, according to legend, Dutch colonial governor Peter
Minuit purchased Manhattan from the Canarsees (a Native Tribe) for
60 guilders (about $24) in trinkets and goods.
The
City of New Amsterdam, as it was soon called, operated as part of the
colony managed by the Dutch West India Company2. It was moderately
successful and attracted settlers and merchants from a variety of nations.
Besides, at least 18 different languages were being spoken in the city as early
as 1650. Germans, Swiss, Moravians, French, English and Portuguese joined the
Dutch, and New Amsterdam quickly became a cosmopolitan centre.
In
1647 Peter Stuyvesant became governor. Stuyvesant governed
autocratically. The West India Company originally combined the administration
of the city of New Amsterdam with that of the entire Dutch colony, which
extended up the Hudson River into upstate New York. However, pressure from the
city’s citizens led to the granting of a municipal government in 1653. Although
this change, Stuyvesant maintained tight control over the city appointed all
the important officials.
During
his rule, however, New Amsterdam saw many basic improvements in city life:
cobblestone streets replaced dirt roads, the city built a protective wall where
Wall Street runs now and settlers began moving into outlying areas
eventually become part of New York City.
2.2.2
English
rule
The
Dutch period ended in 1664 when a European conflict between the Dutch and
English spread to American colonies. A fleet of four English warships and 500
professional soldiers arrived in the harbor on August 18. Stuyvesant wanted to
fight and he prepared Fort Amsterdam for battle. But the citizens decided to
surrender, because they were annoyed of Stuyvesant’s autocratic rule and faced
the naval guns of the English. The English renamed the Community New York, in
honor of the Duke of York, the brother of King Charles II of Britain. The city
then gave its name of the entire colony.
Trade and commerce provided the chief
basis of the city’s wealth. Ships of New York City’s merchants cruised the
coastal waters of North America and carried goods to the West Indies and
Europe. By the mid-18th century, trade between New York City and the
neighboring colonies of Connecticut and New Jersey was very intensive.
2
trading company incorporated by the States-General of the Netherlands, which
was established in 1621
2.3
American Revolution
The
American Revolution was between 1775 and 1783 and based on a conflict between
13 colonies in North America and their parent country, Great Britain.
Opposition
to English policy got louder and louder by the mid-1760s. An economic
depression followed and the British parliament decided to take control over
economic activities in the colonies. Parliament introduces a number of import
taxes and fees in the colonies, threatening profits to which New York’s
merchant gentry had become usual. This fact encouraged the resistance of the
urban population.
After
the defeat in the battle of Long Island, General George Washington gave
up New York, and the British occupied the city until the end of the war for
independence in 1783. After the revolution New York was the first capital of
the United States for a short time.
2.4
The city’s development
After
the American Revolution, the city began to grow very rapidly and this had
several reasons:
The
open, cosmopolitan attitude of the New Yorkers, dating back to the early days
of Dutch settlement and the risk-taking attitude and innovation led to rapid
commercial growth.
The
city also benefited from an excellent port centrally located between the
heavily populated regions of New England and Chesapeake Bay. It owned an easily
navigable inland water route via the Hudson River, providing easy access to
Midwestern markets and increasing the city’s importance as a centre of trade.
At
that time, so many people were entering the United States that the government
was having trouble keeping records on all of these people. To solve this
problem, the government opened a special port of entry in New York harbor. This
port was called”Ellis Island”.
2.5
Ellis Island
Ellis
Island was located in New York harbor in New York City and opened in 1892.
Between 1892 and 1922 over 14.000.000 people passed through Ellis Island.
Immigrants
were inspected by doctors and legal inspectors. About 98% of the immigrants
were admitted to America. This means that after all the examinations, 2 per
cent of immigrants were sent back to their native countries.
Inside
Ellis Island there were waiting rooms, dorms, restaurants, hospitals, bag
rooms, a post office, banks, a railroad office, bathrooms and places to do your
laundry.
Lots
of immigrants left their countries to avoid serving the army, lack of money and
some of them fled from their country’s dictator. They were looking for food,
shelter, better education and better living conditions.
2.5.1
Exams
on Ellis Island
Ø Medical Exam
Once you arrived on Ellis Island, doctors examined you. As
you walked up the entry steps to the Great Hall, the doctors looked at you to
see if you had problems breathing or if you were limping. If the doctors
noticed you were limping, having trouble breathing, or having any other visible
problems, they would put a chalk letter on your clothes.
Here are some
of the letters and their meanings:
§ L=Lameness
§ X=possible mental illness
§ E=eyes
§ B=back
§ PG=pregnant
§ CT=trachoma
§ FT=feet
§ X in a circle=mental illness
Ø Mental Exam
After the immigrants had been checked out by the doctors,
they had to pass a mental exam. If doctors marked them with an X or an X in a
circle, the doctors paid them more attention while they were taking the test.
The doctors had the people perform things that we think are incredibly easy,
but if you were an immigrant who had no education, the tests were very hard.
The tests were easier for those immigrants who had an education. Some of the
puzzles immigrants had to complete were: a steamship puzzle, a face puzzle, a
happy sad face puzzle, 2 matching puzzles, and several geometric shape puzzles.
Also, immigrants had to draw a diamond and the diamonds were classified by how
many years of education the immigrant, who drew it, had.
Ø Legal Exam
The
last exam was the legal exam. This exam was very frightening for some
immigrants because they had to answer a lot of questions very quickly and if
they answered one wrong they could be deported. They were asked about 30
questions in 2 minutes. In the legal exam, immigrants would be asked questions
like: What is your name? Do you have any relatives here? Do you have a criminal
record? Have you ever been to the United States before?
2.5.2
Backgrounds
of the immigrants
The majority of immigrants who
entered America through Ellis Island came between January, 1892 to June, 1897
and later between 1901 and 1931.
Here is a list of some countries,
where the majority of immigrants came from:
·
Italy:
2.5 million
·
Russia:
1.9 million
·
Hungary(1905-1931):
860 thousand
·
Austria(1905-1931):
770 thousand
·
Austria-Hungary(1892-1904)
680 thousand
·
Germany:
630 thousand
·
Ireland:
520 thousand
·
Sweden:
350 thousand
·
Greece:
245 thousand
·
Norway:
230 thousand
·
Ottoman
Empire: 210 thousand
2.5.3
Ellis
Island today
In
1976, Ellis Island was opened to the public for tours. Only at this year over
50.000 people visited Ellis Island. The number of visitors wasn't the only
thing growing. Several public officials and private citizens became interested
in the restoration of Ellis Island. However, the government didn't have enough
money to restore even one building. Foundations came up with 136 million dollars
to do restorations.
The
Ellis Island Museum reopened on September 10th, 1990. Drawings were held to
decide who could attend. People in their ethnic dress paraded down the walkway,
feeling glad that because they cared, Ellis Island was back.
Today
people are still immigrating from all over the world, but Ellis Island remains
an important monument to early American Immigration.
2.6
The transformation of the metropolis
During the 19th and early 20th
centuries, a number of major changes in technology and infrastructure
transformed the city, such as gas illumination, electric lighting or a
municipal water supply on earth. The Brooklyn Bridge which connects Manhattan
with Brooklyn across the East River was completed in 1883.
Urban mass transport also improved
with the introduction of horse-drawn streetcars by the 1850s, elevated trains
by the 1870s, electric trolleys by the 1890s, and the first subway in 1904.
These changes improved the living standards of the middle and lower city.
Within a few years, New Yorkers were
building skyscrapers, high rise buildings constructed with new engineering
techniques. This new type of building would dramatically change the skyline of
the city.
An increase in cultural and
recreational facilities also added greatly to New York's appeal. Central Park
was opened in 1859 and the Metropolitan Museum of Art was organized in 1870.
As the city grew, many of the neighboring
communities became more closely integrated into an expanding urban area. The
Public had the aim of the connection of the surrounding cities and towns into a
single city. In 1898, following the passage of a referendum, Queens, Brooklyn,
Staten Island, and the Bronx were incorporated into the city. By 1900 the
population of the recently expanded city was 3,000,000.
By the beginning of the 20th century,
Wall Street had become a national institution.
The poor, of course, came in much
greater numbers, and overcrowding, a problem ever since the original Dutch
settlers huddled together below Wall Street for protection against Native
Americans, reached frightening proportions between 1870 and 1920.
Because the centre of the city was so
jammed, the New York metropolitan region began to decentralize as early as the
1870s. By 1920 tens of thousands of families were moving out of the city every
year. This outward movement proceeded more quickly in New York than in most
other world cities because the city rapidly adopted every new development in
transportation technology. A system of bridges and underground tunnels
facilitated travel between the city and outlying areas.
All pointed out an important
difference between New York and other world cities-the waterways around
Manhattan were broad and the structures that spanned them were huge, unlike the
human-scale bridges of Paris, London, Rome, and Berlin.
3.
The City
3.1
Boroughs
Unlike
most American cities, which make up only a part of a particular country, New
York is made up of five separate counties, which are called boroughs.
Originally the city included only the borough of Manhattan, located on
an Island between the Hudson and East rivers. In 1898 another four communities
were incorporated into the city as the boroughs of Queens, Brooklyn, the
Bronx and Staten Island. The Bronx is the only borough on the
mainland of the United States. Manhattan and Staten Island are surrounded by water,
while Queens and Brooklyn are part of Long Island.
3.1.1
Queens
Queens
is the largest of the five boroughs. It is separated from the rest of the city
by the East River and Long Island. It is overwhelmingly residential and
probably the most ethnically diverse community in the world. More than 2
million people call Queens as their home. It's projected that by 2025 Queens
will be the most populous borough.
Queens
has more than 6400 acres3 of parkland, almost as much as the other
four boroughs combined, and it has 16km of beaches along the Atlantic Ocean.
Queens is also known for its numerous cemeteries. For example, Calvary cemetery
is the burial site of 2.5 million people.
Major
ethnic concentrations include the Greeks in Astoria, the Irish in Woodside, the
Italians in Maspeth and Ridgewood, African-Americans in Hollis, Cambria Heights,
St. Albans, and South Jamaica. Also large numbers of Chinese and Koreans are
living in Queens.
3.1.2
Brooklyn
Brooklyn
is the second largest and most populous of the five boroughs. It is located on
the southwestern tip of Long Island west of Queens and situated across the
Upper Bay and the East River from Manhattan.
Brooklyn
retains a strong separate identity. It has an important central business district.
Brooklyn includes the largest black community in the United States.
3about
25 square kilometers
Brooklyn
has a number of outstanding buildings such as the Williamsburgh Savings Bank
building in Fort Greene, a tall Art Deco skyscraper, the former St. George
Hotel in Brooklyn Heights or the Montauk Club in Park Slope. But what makes
Brooklyn really remarkable are the many residential row houses in places like
Park Slope, Boerum Hill, Cobble Hill, Carroll Gardens and Brooklyn Heights
interspersed with townhouses and mansions which are true architectural gems.
3.1.3
Staten
Island
Staten
Island is the third largest and least populous of the five boroughs. It is
located at the connection of Upper New York Bay and Lower New York Bay.
Overwhelmingly
white, Staten Island has dozens of distinct neighborhoods or towns and it has
the highest proportion of single-family housing and owner-occupied housing in
the city. Staten Island has many homes dating from the 17th and 18th
centuries.
3.1.4
The
Bronx
The
Bronx is the fourth largest and the northernmost of the five boroughs and the
only one on American mainland. Even so, it is surrounded by water on three
sides.
Largely
residential, the Bronx includes dozens of neighborhoods. Fieldston is
particularly elegant, with great stone houses set among spacious lawns and
privately-maintained streets, while Belmont has become the city’s most
authentically Italian section.
The
areas are particularly prized, because the apartment buildings are well kept
and the public parks are easily accessible.
Parts
of Bronx, however, fell victim to decay and abandonment, especially between
1970 and 1980, when the population of the borough fell by 20 percent. The low
point occurred in 1976, when future U.S. president Jimmy Carter compared the
South Bronx to the bombed-out German city of Dresden after World War II
(1939-1945). Since 1980 the process has again reversed and self-help groups
have begun to rehabilitate most of the most destroyed blocks.
The Bronx, situated on the
mainland has the worst reputation of the New York City boroughs. Now crime is
decreasing more travellers are visiting the Bronx and there's a strong police
presence. The Bronx has got an image as the bad place of New York mainly from
its portrayal in the media and the film industry.
3.1.5
Manhattan
Manhattan, or New York County, is the
smallest of the five boroughs of New York City.
The population of Manhattan is
ethnically, religiously, economically and racially diverse.
Manhattan’s population peaked in 1910
with 2.3 million people, after which it began a slow decline to 1.4 million in
1980. Since then, the population has again begun to increase, reaching
1.634.795 in 2008.
The massive Manhattan skyline
reflects the size and wealth of the businesses and headquartered here.
Manhattan is the glittering heart of the metropolis. It is the site of
virtually all of the hundreds of skyscrapers that are symbols of the city.
Among the more famous of these are the Empire State Building (1931), the
Chrysler Building (1930), and Citicorp Center (1977). (The 110-story twin
towers of the World Trade Center were also among New York’s famous skyscrapers
until they were destroyed in the terrorist attack in 2001.) Manhattan is also
the oldest, densest, and most built-up part of the entire urbanized region. Manhattan
is the centre of New York’s cultural life. Numerous stage and motion picture
theatres are located around Broadway in Midtown, which includes Time
Square.
3.2
Population
New
York City has long been unusual because of its size. Even before 1775, when its
population was never more than 25.000, it ranked among the five leading cities
in the colonies.
Yet
with 21.2 million people, the New York City region remains an urban
agglomeration of almost unimaginable size. For example, in 2002 when the
population of the city was 8.1 million, each of the five boroughs was large
enough to have been an important city in its own right, with populations
exceeding those of major U.S. cities.
The
five boroughs of New York City together cover 786 sq km. the urbanized area,
however, includes 28 neighboring counties in New York State, New Jersey,
Connecticut, and Pennsylvania. Together, they make up the New York metropolitan
region, which in 2000 housed about 8 percent of the national population.
New
York has been the most ethnically diverse city in the world since the 1640s,
when fewer than 1000 total resident spoke over 15 languages. Between 1880 and
1919, more than 23 million Europeans immigrated to the United States.
In
1996 the U.S. Census Bureau reported that more than 11 out of every 20 New
Yorkers were immigrants or the children of immigrants. Nearly half of all Bronx
residents and 1/3 of Manhattan’s were Hispanic and nearly one-fifth of the
population of Queens was Asian-American. Researchers estimated that immigrants would
make up about 33 percent of the city’s population in 2000, approaching the
20th-century peak of about 40 percent, reached in 1910.
The
2000 Census shows that New York City continues to become more and more racially
and ethnically diverse.
According
to the census,
·
Whites
make up 44.7 percent of the city’s population;
·
Hispanics,
27 percents
·
Blacks,
26.6 percents
·
Asians,
9.8 percents
·
Native
Americans, 0.5 percents
·
People
of mixed heritage or not reporting race, 18.3 percent
By
the late 1990s, more than 120 languages were spoken in the city’s schools, and
there were lots of ethnic churches, political organizations, cultural
festivals, and parades, as well as scores of foreign language newspapers,
magazines and television and radio stations.
Although
rivalries among the various groups could be intense, the very diversity of the
city permitted immigrants to mingle more easily than in most other parts of the
nation.
3.3
The ethnic diversity
New
York is also famous for its ethnic diversity, manifesting itself in many
communities representing virtually every nation on earth, each preserving its
own identity. The most famous, Little Italy and Chinatown date
back to the mid-19th century. African Americans from the South began
to migrate to Harlem after 1910, and in the 1940s large numbers of
Puerto Ricans and other Hispanic-Americans began to settle in what is now known
as Spanish Harlem.
Since
the 1980s New York has undergone strong population growth, primarily due to new
immigrants from Latin America, Asia, Jamaica, Haiti, the Soviet Union and
Russia, and Africa.
3.3.1
Harlem
The
part of New York known as Harlem includes the area of Manhattan north of 96th
Street, and joins the narrow northern handle of Manhattan known as Washington
Heights. The original village of Harlem was established in 1658 by Dutch
Governor Peter Stuyvesant and named it Nieuw Harlem after the Dutch city of
Harlem.
As
home to America’s most influential artistic, literary and cultural movement
(The Harlem Renaissance), the district gained worldwide notoriety. Twenty years
ago, people were afraid of Harlem. Today, as a multi-ethnic Harlem benefits
from a booming economy, tourists are shouting to visit the home of great jazz
music, great food and a deep-rooted history.
3.3.2
Chinatown
Chinatown
is a well-known ethnic enclave in a cosmopolitan, global city. It began as an
immigrant ghetto and was established around the year 1870. When someone thinks
of Chinatown, one often thinks of his food, the cultural richness or the hustle
and bustle of the markets. The public tends to view Chinatown as simply ethnic
and cultural district. However, what is hidden by the image of Chinatowns is
the result of immigration and racist attitudes and legislation. These phenomena
do not explain Chinatown’s extraordinary stamina.
Chinatown
is located in Manhattan’s Lower East Side, an inner city district that has
historically been home to variety of minority groups. The neighborhood covers
two square miles in area. Statistics show that Chinatown was home about 240.000
people in 1990. The neighborhood is the largest Chinatown in the United States
and Western Hemisphere.
3.4
Problems in the City
New
York as an urban centre faces problems, just like in many other cities in the
world. Many of the problems are often caused because of the large population of
the city. Many people migrate to New York in hope of a better life in a big
city, but the result is not always positive. Most of them aren’t able to find a
good job and earn enough money to maintain their livelihood and often end up in
very poor housing and crime.
The
port of New York and the city as a whole is suffering under fog. Fog is very
thick mist. It is a serious problem, because when it occurs road traffic finds
it hard to move owing to the poor visibility, and likewise ships find it very
difficult to move safe.
The
gap between rich and poor has become greater in New York than in most other
U.S. cities. The public schools, with more than 1 million students, were too
often failing in their primary mission. Although the Board of Education
operated some of the best schools in the nation and many public schools
graduates have achieved distinction, the system remains troubled by high
truancy and drop-out rates, by occasional violence on school property, and by
deteriorating buildings.
3.5
Sights of the city
3.5.1
The
Statue of Liberty
The
Statue of Liberty was a gift from the French people to the United States and is
a universal symbol of freedom and democracy. The Statue of Liberty was
dedicated on October 28, 1886, designated as a National Monument in 1924 and
restored in 1986.
It
depicts a woman escaping the chains of tyranny, which lie at her feet. Her
right hand holds a burning torch which represents liberty. Her left hand holds
a tablet inscribed with the date “July 4, 1776” (in Roman numerals), the day
the United States declared its independence.
3.5.2
Broadway
Broadway
is named for the avenue that runs through the Times Square area in central
Manhattan, where lots of theatres are located. Broadway attracted theatre
producers and impresarios from the mid-19th century.
The
number and size of theatres grew with New York’s increasing prosperity, and by
the 1890’s the brightly lit street was called”The Great White Way”. By 1925,
the height of theatrical activity in New York, about 80 theatres were located
on or near Broadway; by 1980 only about 40 remained. In the 1990s the regeneration
of the seedy Times Square neighborhood attracted larger audiences, though high
production costs limited the viability of serious plays in Broadway theatres,
which often chose to mount big musicals and other crowd-pleasing commercial events.
3.5.3
Times
Square
Times
Square is named after the New York Times, who had offices that have been
situated in this busy New York square for almost 100 years. Situated in the
heart of New York’s theatre district, this is a popular area for tourists
visiting New York and is lined with shops, cinemas and numerous excellent
restaurants. Times Square is best known for being filled with enormous neon lights
and large signs.
On
New Year’s Eve, close to a million people go there to celebrate.
3.5.4
The
Empire State Building
More
than any other buildings in the world, the Empire State Building represents the
ambition of humans to build towers that reach for the skies. It probably is New
York’s best known landmark and is prominent on many postcards.
The
skyscraper is located on 5th Avenue, which was the tallest building
in the world, when it was completed in 1931. Because of its elegant stepped
design it is often still regarded as the ultimate American skyscraper.
Its
381 meters wouldn’t be topped until 1972, when the twin World Trade towers
eclipsed the Empire State Building. Although no longer the world’s tallest
building, it remains a popular tourist destination.
3.5.5
Central
Park
Central
Park was the first landscaped public park in the United States. It is located
in the center of Manhattan and is 843 acres large. The park offers lots of
activities like bicycle riding, strolling, rollerblading, ice-skating,
picnicking and more. Central Park has gone through major developments and
restoration over time to carry on its initial purpose as an open-air oasis for
a metropolitan city. It is also the home of the Central Park Zoo and the
Metropolitan museum of Art.
3.5.6
Wall
Street
Wall
Street is located in the lower part of Manhattan and is extending from Broadway
to the East River. It is the centre of one of the greatest financial districts
in the world, and by extension the term “Wall St.” has come to designate United
States financial interests. In the district are the New York and American Stock
Exchanges, commodity exchanges and the homes of numerous commercial and
investment banks, and “Wall Street” law firms.
Wall St. received its name from a stockade,
or wall, built in 1653 by Dutch colonists to protect the settled area south of
it from assault by the English and by the native population.
3.5.7
Chrysler
Building
At
the beginning of the 20th century, the race for the world’s tallest
building began. The Chrysler Building was the first one to top the then tallest
structure, the Eiffel Tower in Paris.
For
Walter P. Chrysler, from the car manufacturer, building the tallest building
was a status symbol. The Chrysler Building was in race with the Bank of
Manhattan for obtaining the title of the tallest building in the world. It
looked like the Bank of Manhattan would win the race with its height of 282
meters to around 230 meters for the Chrysler Building. But the spire of the
building was built in secret inside the tower. One week later the tower topped
the Bank of Manhattan with 318 meters and was the highest building in the
world. One year later the Empire State building was constructed and the
Chrysler building lost his title.
3.5.8
Fifth
Avenue
New
York’s Fifth Avenue is a famous shopping street. It is one of the world’s most
expensive streets where some of the most prestigious stores can be found. It
begins at Washington Square and ends at Harlem River.
Fifth
Avenue is not only a shopping street. Along the avenue are the Empire State
Building, the New York public library, Rockefeller Center, St. Patrick’s
Cathedral and the Guggenheim Museum. From 59th to 110th street it borders
Central Park.
3.5.9
Brooklyn
Bridge
The
Brooklyn Bridge was built between 1869 and 1883 and connects Manhattan with New
York’s most populous borough, Brooklyn. The Bridge is one of the most famous
and admirable landmarks in New York.
At
the time of construction, Brooklyn was still an independence city. In fact it
was even the country’s largest cities. In 1989, 15 years after opening the
Brooklyn Bridge, Brooklyn citizens decided to become a borough of New York
after a vote.
The
most noticeable feature of the bridge are two masonry towers to which the many
cables are attached. The towers with large Gothic arches reach a height of 84
meters at the time making them some of the tallest landmarks in New York.
4.
Conclusion
To
sum up, New York City is one of the most amazing cities in the world. There was
so much information to report about New York, so it was very difficult to sum
up the most important things.
5.
Sources
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Task
sheet: Ellis Island
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Videos:
o
( New York City – MegaCities (Documentarys))
o
( The story of New York(documentary))
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Pictures:
o blsciblogs.baruch.cuny.edu (American
Revolution)
o newyorkguest.wordpress.com (Ellis Island)
o (The Statue of Liberty)
o iwillstopsmokingif.wordpress.com (Wall Street)
o powertripberkeley.com (Times Square)
o michaelminn.net (Central Park)
o (Chrysler
Building)
o
(Fifth Avenue)
o
(Brooklyn Bridge)
DE
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