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UK-EU Relation­s: Comprehe­nsive Analysis by Prime Minister­s

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UK-EU Relations: Comprehensive Analysis by Prime Ministers:  Folie 1
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THE UK AND EUROPE- A DIFFICULT RELATIONSHIP

Content

  • UK political parties & Prime Ministers
  • Introduction
  • Creation of European Union & UK's attitude towards it over the years
  • The UK Rebate
  • UK monetary system
  • Conclusion

UK POLITICAL PARTIES & PRIME MINISTERS

Political parties

  • Officially called the Conservative and Unionist Party
  • Centre-right political party
  • Founded in 1834
  • Current leader David Cameron

Political parties

  • Britisch Labour Party
  • Centre-left political party
  • Founded in 1900
  • Current leader: Ed Miliband

Political parties

  • Liberal Democrates
  • Radical centre to centre-left party
  • Foundet in 1988
  • Current leader: Nick Clegg

British Prime Ministers

  • Winston Churchill
  • 1874-1965
  • Prime Minister twice:
    • 1940 to 1945
    • 1951 to 1955

Britisch Prime Ministers

  • Clement Attlee
  • 1883-1967
  • Leader of the Labour Party from 1935 to 1955
  • Prime Minister from 1945-1951

British Prime Ministers

  • Anthony Eden
  • 1897-1977
  • Conservative politician
  • Prime Minister from 1955-1957

British Prime Ministers

  • Harold MacMillan
  • 1894-1986
  • Conservative politician
  • Prime Minister from 1957 to 1963

British Prime Ministers

  • Harold Wilson
  • 1894-1995
  • Labour politician
  • Prime Minister twice:
    • 1964-1970
    • 1974-1976

British Prime Ministers

  • Edward Heath
  • 1916-2005
  • Conservative politician
  • Leader of the Conservative Party from 1965 to 1975
  • Prime Minister from 1970 to 1974

British Prime Ministers

  • Margaret Thatcher
  • 1925-2013
  • Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990
  • Prime Minister from 1979-1990

British Prime Ministers

  • John Major
  • 1943
  • Conservative politician
  • Prime Minister from 1990 to 1997

British Prime Ministers

  • Tony Blair
  • 1953
  • Labour politician and leader from 1994 to 2007
  • Prime Minister from 1997 to 2007

British Prime Ministers

  • David Cameron
  • 1966
  • Leader of Conservative Party since 2005
  • Current Prime Minister of the UK

INTODUCTION

  • „We must build a kind of United States of Europe. In this way only will hundreds of millions of toilers be able to regain the simple joys and hopes which make life worth living. The structuce of the United Startes of Eupore, if well and truly built, will be such as to make the material stregth of a single state less important.

    Small nations will count as much as large ones and gain their honor by their contribution to the common cause.“

  • - Winston Churchill -

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  • Britain: consistantly represented a difficult issue in European integraton
  • Main reason:
  • Britons deep passion for their own country
    • Britisch personality
    • Geography
    • History
    • Second World War
    • Political culture

  • ➔ Psychological barrier

  • Creation of European Union & UK's attitude towards it over the years

Creation of the European Union

  • Positive for countries that:
  • Wanted to improve their unfavourable image of the past
  • Wanted to reach out to the world
  • Negative for UK:
  • Wanted to keep their world-wide influence
  • Didn't want to be member in any kind of union

First steps to an European Union

  • ECSC was put in place in 1951 by the 6 founding countries
  • Possibility for Britain to take part but Prime Minister Clement Attlee declined the offer

First steps to an European Union

  • 1957: Treaty of Rome
  • Creation of the EEC
  • Creation of the EAEC
  • Conservative government of Anthony Eden did not sign the treaty

Britain‘s sudden wish to join the EEC

  • EEC members flourished economically
      • Founding states shaped the community to their adventage

  • Britain suffered continous economic decline
    • 1961: Descision to join the EEC

Why did Britain only join the EEC in 1973?

  • 1961:
  • Conservative government led by Harold MacMillan applied to join the EEC:
    • Antagonism with France led Charles de Gaulles to veto the British application
    • Arguments:
      • UK's to strong link with the USA
      • Commonwealth would hinder them in their dedication to the EEC

    Why did Britain only join the EEC in 1973?

    • 1967:
    • Labour government led by Harold Wilson filed another application
      • France rejected it once again

    • 1969:
    • New French President George Pompidou removed the veto
    • 1973:
    • UK led by Conservative Prime Minister Edward Heath joined the EEC

    First troubles of UK membership

    • 1975:
    • Harold Wilson's Labour government split by referendum over EEC membership
    • referendum question: „Do you think the UK should stay in the European Community (Common Market)?
      • 67% of people voted to stay in
      • Hailed by Prime Minister Harold Wilson as „historic decision“ for the UK

  • Conservative Party:
  • Gradually started turning against the idea of integration, especially with their new leader Margaret Thatcher

UK's relation to Europe under Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher

  • 1979: Margaret Thatcher becomes Prime Minister
  • Very negative attitude towards the EEC and against any form of economic, policical or social integration
  • Increasing isolation of Britain from Europe
  • Transferring power to Brussels = loss of sovereignty and independence for Britain
  • 1980: Thatcher against joining the European Monetary System
  • 1984: UK Rebate

The Maastricht Treaty in 1992

  • Creation of the European Union
  • John Major's Conservative government ratified the Maastricht Treaty
  • UK opted out of the section of the treaty dealing with:
    • Social policy
    • Monetary union
    • Economic union
    • Awkward position of Britain again reinforced

UK's controversial strong link with the USA

  • 2001:
  • Terrorist attacks in the USA
    • Tony Blair announced Britain‘s support for the USA
    • Large numbers of British troops are sent to Afghanistan and Iraq

  • Many European countries see the USA as a kind of counterweight to their Union
    • Against Britain‘s strong relation with the USA

Brexit

  • Britain + exit = Brexit
  • Stands for a possible step out of Brtain from the European Union
  • David Cameron promised a referendum over the UK membership in the EU in his European Speech 2013

  • THE UK REBATE

Situation in 1984

  • Britain second poorest member of the ten EEC members
  • Britain contributes more to the European Budget than the other countries
  • Great share of the Budget is spent on the Common Agricultural Policy
  • Britain less benefited because farming does not represent a major sector in the UK

Problems and dissolving of the Rebate

  • Problems in 2004: Extension of The EU to the East
  • UK one of the wealthiest members but contributes less & less to the European Budget
  • Expenses on the CAP have decreased
  • Compromise in 2005
  • UK rebate up-solved until 2013
  • „correction mechanism“

  • THE UK MONETARY SYSTEM

Why does the UK not have the Euro?

  • 1980: Margaret Thatcher against joining the European Monetary System
  • 1992: Monetary Union part of the Maastricht Treaty was not singed by John Major
  • Tony Blair's promised referendum of Euro-membership did not take place
  • Liberal Democrats pro-Euro in the UK general elections 2010
  • Coalition between Conservatives and Liberal Democrats
    • UK would not join the Euro during this term of government

Britons about the Euro

  • Public opinion has consistently opposed joining the Euro

Relationship UK – European Union definitely a difficult one

  • Conservative Governments contributed to UK's isolation
  • Labour governments showed more interest in British membership
  • Antagonism with France and affiliation with America are additional complex issues
  • UK only member because of their onw interest
  • Being a latecommer Britain had to accomodate itself to the already established policies and rules

THANK YOU !!!


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